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Vocal Cord Surgery

Vocal Cord Surgery

Vocal Cord Surgery is a specialized procedure performed to correct structural or functional problems of the vocal cords that affect speech, breathing, or swallowing. It is commonly recommended for patients with vocal cord nodules, polyps, cysts, paralysis, or other lesions that cause persistent hoarseness or voice changes. The goal of the surgery is to restore the normal vibration and function of the vocal cords, leading to a clearer and stronger voice.

Symptoms

Common symptoms that may indicate a vocal cord disorder requiring surgical evaluation include:

  • Persistent hoarseness or breathy voice lasting more than 2 weeks
  • Voice fatigue or loss of vocal range
  • Pain or discomfort while speaking or singing
  • Difficulty breathing (in severe cases of vocal cord lesions)
  • Frequent throat clearing or chronic cough
  • Feeling of a lump or tightness in the throat
  • Speech changes following surgery, trauma, or infection

Causes

Vocal cord issues that may require surgery can result from various causes, including:

  • Overuse or misuse of the voice (common in singers, teachers, or speakers)
  • Chronic laryngitis or infections
  • Vocal cord nodules, polyps, or cysts
  • Vocal cord paralysis due to nerve injury or thyroid surgery
  • Reflux-related irritation (Laryngopharyngeal reflux)
  • Benign or malignant growths on the vocal cords
  • Trauma or intubation-related injury

Treatment / Procedure

Vocal cord surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia using minimally invasive techniques such as Microlaryngoscopy or Endoscopic Laser Surgery. These procedures allow precise visualization and treatment of the affected vocal cords without any external incisions.

The type of surgery depends on the underlying cause:

  • Microlaryngeal Surgery: Used to remove nodules, cysts, or polyps while preserving healthy tissue.
  • Laser Surgery: Utilizes laser energy to remove lesions with precision and minimal bleeding.
  • Injection Laryngoplasty: Involves injecting material into a paralyzed or weak vocal cord to improve closure and voice quality.
  • Medialization Thyroplasty: A reconstructive procedure performed to reposition the vocal cords in paralysis cases.

The procedure usually takes 30–60 minutes, and most patients can return home the same day. Voice rest and speech therapy are crucial parts of post-surgical recovery.


Benefits

  • Improved voice clarity, tone, and strength
  • Relief from persistent hoarseness or vocal fatigue
  • Restored confidence in speech and communication
  • Enhanced breathing and swallowing function
  • Minimally invasive approach with no visible scars
  • Long-term improvement with proper post-surgery therapy

Prevention / Post-Surgery Care

Proper care and preventive measures help protect your vocal cords and ensure a successful recovery after surgery:

  • Strict voice rest for the recommended duration after surgery
  • Avoid whispering, shouting, or excessive talking during recovery
  • Stay hydrated and avoid caffeine or alcohol
  • Quit smoking and avoid exposure to irritants or pollutants
  • Follow speech therapy and voice exercises as advised
  • Treat underlying causes such as acid reflux or allergies promptly
  • Schedule regular follow-up appointments with your ENT specialist