Mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove infected air cells within the mastoid bone, located just behind the ear. It is commonly done to treat chronic ear infections, cholesteatoma (abnormal skin growth in the middle ear), or complications arising from untreated ear infections. The main goal of the surgery is to eliminate infection, prevent its spread, and protect vital ear structures responsible for hearing and balance.
Common symptoms that may indicate the need for a mastoidectomy include:
Mastoid infections and related conditions may develop due to:
Mastoidectomy is usually performed under general anesthesia. During the procedure, the surgeon makes an incision behind the ear to access and remove the infected or damaged mastoid air cells. Depending on the extent of the disease, the surgery may also involve repairing the eardrum or middle ear structures. There are different types of mastoidectomy—simple, radical, and modified radical—based on the severity of infection and the required reconstruction. Most patients can return home within a day or two, with a gradual improvement in symptoms.
While some chronic ear conditions may not be completely preventable, the following measures can help reduce risk: